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Black Death

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  Black Death The Black Death, otherwise known as the Pestilence, the Great Morality, or the Plague, was a bubonic plague pandemic that took place in Western Eurasia and North Africa, lasting from 1346 to 1353. It is the most fatal pandemic recorded in human history, causing the deaths of 75–200 million people, reaching its climax in Europe from 1347 to 1351. Bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia Pestis , which was spread by fleas and rats. However, the plague probably branched out and had a new variant, being spread by one person to another, through contact of aerosols, or just air. This caused the septicemic or pneumonic plagues, both of which are forms of the bacterium’s 3 different pandemic types, the third being bubonic. The origin of the Black Death has been argued over. Genetic analysis points to the evolution of Yersinia pestis in the Tian Shan mountains on the border between Kyrgyzstan and China 2,600 years ago. However, the cause and location of the sudden o
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Rani of Jhansi

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  Rani of Jhansi The Rani of Jhansi, otherwise known as Rani Lakshimibai, was an Indian queen and the Maharani (Queen) consort of the Maratha princely state of Jhansi for 10 years from 1843 to 1853 as the wife of Maharaja (King) Gangadhar Rao. She was one of the greatest and most prominent figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, thereby becoming a symbol of opposition and inspiration against British rule in India for Indian nationalists.  Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828 in the town of Benares (now Varanasi) into a Marathi Karhade Brahmin family. She was named Manikarnika Tambe and was nicknamed Manu. Her father was Moropant Tambe and her mother was Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came from the Tambe village of the Guhagar Taluka, found in the Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra .  Her father was the Commander of the war of Kalyanpranth. Her father worked for Peshwa Baji Rao II of Bithoor district in what is now Uttar Pradesh. The P
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The Alaska Purchase

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  The Alaska Purchase The Alaska Purchase was the phenomenon where the United States obtained all of Alaska from the Russian Empire. Alaska was formally committed to the US on October 18, 1867, through a treaty approved by the US senate. Following this process, the Russian Empire handed over the land, but it was worth the effort, as the US gave up a huge sum of money. Russia had created a residence in North America during the first half of the 18th century. However, not many Russians went to live there. Following the Crimean War, the Russian Tsar came to the idea that he should sell Alaska, due to the fact that it would be very difficult to defend from enemy invasions since there aren’t many people there to defend it, especially in a future war that might occur between the former and it’s archrival, the United Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. Following the end of the American Civil War , U.S. Secretary State William Seward became involved in negotiations with Russian minister Ed
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Vlad the Impaler

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  Vlad the Impaler Vlad the Third, or otherwise known as Vlad the Impaler, or Vlad Dracula or Vlad Tepes, was the voivode, meaning military governor or prince, of Wallachia (a region in Romania). He was born in 1431 in Sighisoara, Transylvania, and died in 1476, north of modern-day Bucharest, Romania. He was the voivode of Wallachia in 1448, from 1456 to 1462, and then in 1476. He had earned his name due to his brutal ways of punishing his enemies, which obtained him infamy in 15-th century Europe.    Vlad was the second of four brothers born into the noble family of Vlad II Dracul. His nickname Dracula, which means son of Dracul, is derived from the Latin word Draco, meaning Dragon, was adopted once his father was inducted into the Order of the Dragon, which was created by the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund against the Ottoman Empire. Vlad moved to Targovishte , Wallachia, in 1436 when his father took up leadership of the Wallachian principality. In 1442, Vlad and one of his younger bro
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The Crusades

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  The Crusades The Crusades were several closely tied wars that were commenced, supported, and even sometimes participated and directed by the Latin Church during the medieval times. The best known Crusades nowadays happened between 1095 and 1291 CE. They were trying to reclaim the Holy Land, or Constantinople and Jerusalem and the surrounding areas from its Arabian Islamic capturers, who also considered it to be their holy land. This event led to the First Crusade, in which the Holy Roman Empire fought and recovered the Holy Land, and soon after, dozens of Crusades were fought, which acted as one of the biggest centers of attention for multiple centuries in Europe. In 1095, Pope Urban the 2nd announced the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont, a gathering held by the former. He encouraged and showed military support for the Byzantine Empire and its emperor Alexios the 1st against the Seljuk Turks. They later declared for an armed pilgrimage to the Holy Land against the Islamic. Th
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ChatGPT

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  ChatGPT ChatGPT stands for Chat Generated Pre-trained Transformer. It is a software called a chatbot capable of making conversations with people made by the artificial intelligence research laboratory OpenAI. It is built based on the GPT-3 family of language models. ChatGPT is fine tuned as an approach to transfer learning. Being such a prestigious AI, it has both supervised and reinforcement learning techniques. ChatGPT was introduced to the public as a prototype on November 30th, 2022, and unsurprisingly, accumulated lots of attention for its elaborate and communicative answers throughout several different categories of information. However, its factual accuracy kept changing at different times. This inefficiency was seen as a consequential disadvantage of the AI. Still, by the time ChatGPT had been released, OpenAI’s value had doubled to 29 billion dollars in USD. ChatGPT has been trained using supervised and reinforced learning. Both of the methods required human trainers to help
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Amelia Earhart

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Amelia Earhart Amelia Mary Earhart was an American aviation pioneer and writer. She was born on July 24, 1897 and disappeared on July 2, 1937, and was declared dead on January 5, 1939. She was the first female pilot to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean . She also made several other records, such as being one of the first aviators to promote commercial air travel, being the second person overall to fly solo across the Atlantic, and the first person to fly solo from Mexico City to Newark, along with many others. Earhart wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences, and was of great importance in the formation of The Ninety-Nines , an organization for female pilots.  Amelia Earhart was born and raised in Atchison, Kansas, and later raised in Des Moines, Iowa. Earhart developed a passion for adventure at a young age, and started acquiring flying experience during her twenties. In 1928, Earhart became the first female passenger to cross the Atlantic by airplane, accompanying the
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